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Physics 11th

Here are the major concepts covered in the NCERT Physics textbook for Class 11:

Unit 1: Physical World and Measurement

• Physical World:
  • Scope and excitement of physics
  • Physics, technology, and society
• Units and Measurements:
  • Fundamental and derived units
  • SI units
  • Dimensional analysis
  • Significant figures
  • Errors in measurement

Unit 2: Kinematics

• Motion in a Straight Line:
  • Position, velocity, acceleration
  • Uniform and non-uniform motion
  • Graphical representation of motion
  • Equations of motion
• Motion in a Plane:
  • Projectile motion
  • Uniform circular motion

Unit 3: Laws of Motion

• Introduction:
  • Aristotle's fallacy
  • The law of inertia
• Newton's Laws of Motion:
  • First law of motion (law of inertia)
  • Second law of motion (momentum and force)
  • Third law of motion (action and reaction)
• Conservation of Momentum:
  • Impulse
• Friction:
  • Static and kinetic friction
  • Laws of friction
  • Rolling friction
  • Lubrication
• Circular Motion:
  • Centripetal force
  • Examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road)

Unit 4: Work, Energy, and Power

• Work:
  • Work done by a constant force
  • Work done by a variable force
• Kinetic Energy:
  • Work-energy theorem
• Potential Energy:
  • Gravitational potential energy
  • Elastic potential energy
• Conservation of Mechanical Energy:
• Power:

Unit 5: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

• Centre of Mass:
  • Position of the centre of mass
  • Motion of the centre of mass
  • Linear momentum of a system of particles
• Rotational Motion:
  • Angular velocity and angular acceleration
  • Torque
  • Moment of inertia
  • Kinetic energy of rotation
  • Angular momentum
  • Conservation of angular momentum

Unit 6: Gravitation

• Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion:
• The Universal Law of Gravitation:
• Acceleration due to Gravity:
  • Variation of acceleration due to gravity with altitude and depth
• Gravitational Potential Energy:²
• Gravitational Potential:
• Escape Speed:
• Orbital Velocity of a Satellite:
• Geostationary Satellites:³

Unit 7: Properties of Bulk Matter

• Mechanical Properties of Solids:
  • Stress and strain
  • Elastic behaviour
  • Hooke's law
  • Stress-strain curve
  • Elastic energy
• Mechanical Properties of Fluids:
  • Pressure
  • Pascal's law
  • Archimedes' principle
  • Surface tension
  • Viscosity
• Thermal Properties of Matter:
  • Temperature and heat
  • Thermal expansion
  • Specific heat capacity
  • Calorimetry
  • Latent heat
  • Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)

Unit 8: Thermodynamics

• Thermal Equilibrium and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics:
• Heat, Work, and Internal Energy:
• First Law of Thermodynamics:
• Second Law of Thermodynamics:⁴
  • Reversible and irreversible processes
  • Carnot engine⁵
• Heat Engines:

Unit 9: Kinetic Theory

• Molecular Nature of Matter:
• Behavior of Perfect Gases:
  • Equation of state of a perfect gas
  • Kinetic interpretation of temperature
• Kinetic Theory of Gases:
  • Pressure exerted by a gas
  • Kinetic energy and temperature of a gas
  • Specific heat capacity of gases

Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves

• Periodic Motion:
  • Simple harmonic motion
  • Equation of motion of a simple harmonic oscillator
  • Phase, amplitude, frequency, time period
  • Energy in simple harmonic motion
• Damped Oscillations:
• Forced Oscillations and Resonance:
• Wave Motion:
  • Transverse and longitudinal waves
  • Wave equation
  • Speed of a wave
  • Principle of superposition
  • Reflection of waves
  • Refraction of waves
  • Sound waves
  • Doppler effect

Remember, understanding these concepts and practicing regularly is crucial for mastering Physics in Class 11.

Chemistry11th

Here are the major concepts covered in the NCERT Chemistry textbook for Class 11:

Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

• Matter and its nature:
  • Physical and chemical properties
  • States of matter
  • Classification of matter
• Measurement:
  • SI units¹
  • Significant figures
  • Dimensional analysis
• Laws of chemical combination:
  • Law of conservation of mass²
  • Law of definite proportions
  • Law of multiple proportions³
  • Law of reciprocal proportions⁴
• Dalton's atomic theory:
• Atomic mass:
  • Average atomic mass
  • Molecular mass
  • Formula mass
• Mole concept:
  • Mole and molar mass⁵
  • Molar volume
  • Avogadro's number⁶

Unit 2: Structure of Atom

• Discovery of electron, proton, and neutron:
• Thomson's model of atom:
• Rutherford's nuclear model of atom:
• Bohr's model of atom:
  • Postulates of Bohr's model
  • Explanation of hydrogen spectrum
• Quantum mechanical model of atom:
  • Quantum numbers⁷
  • Shapes of orbitals
  • Electronic configuration of atoms⁸

Unit 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Mendeleev's Periodic Table:
• Modern Periodic Law and Periodic Table:
  • Periodic trends in properties of elements
    • Atomic radius
    • Ionic radius
    • Ionization enthalpy⁹
    • Electron gain enthalpy
    • Electronegativity¹⁰

Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Valence electrons:
• Ionic bond:
  • Formation of ionic compounds
• Covalent bond:
  • Lewis structures
  • VSEPR theory
  • Valence bond theory¹¹
  • Hybridization
• Coordinate bond:
• Polarity of bonds:
  • Dipole moment¹²
• Hydrogen bond:

Unit 5: States of Matter

• Intermolecular forces:
  • Van der Waals forces¹³
  • Hydrogen bonding
• Gaseous state:
  • Gas laws
  • Ideal gas equation
  • Kinetic theory of gases
• Liquid state:
  • Properties of liquids
• Solid state:
  • Classification of solids
  • Unit cell
  • Packing efficiency
  • Types of crystal lattices

Unit 6: Thermodynamics

• System and surroundings:
• Types of systems:
• First law of thermodynamics:
  • Internal energy
  • Enthalpy¹⁴
  • Heat capacity
• Second law of thermodynamics:
  • Entropy
  • Spontaneity of reactions
  • Gibbs free energy¹⁵

Unit 7: Equilibrium

• Chemical equilibrium:
  • Law of mass action
  • Equilibrium constant
  • Factors affecting equilibrium
• Ionic equilibrium:
  • Ionization of acids and bases¹⁶
  • pH scale
  • Buffers
  • Solubility product

Unit 8: Redox Reactions

• Oxidation and reduction:
  • Oxidation number
  • Balancing redox reactions
• Applications of redox reactions:

Unit 9: Hydrogen

• Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen:
• Hydrides:
• Water:
  • Physical and chemical properties
  • Heavy water
• Hydrogen peroxide:

Unit 10: s-Block Elements

• Alkali metals:
  • General characteristics
  • Preparation, properties, and uses of sodium and potassium
• Alkaline earth metals:
  • General characteristics
  • Preparation, properties, and uses of calcium and magnesium

Unit 11: p-Block Elements

• General introduction to p-block elements:
• Group 13 elements:
  • Boron family
• Group 14 elements:
  • Carbon family
• Group 15 elements:
  • Nitrogen family
• Group 16 elements:
  • Oxygen family
• Group 17 elements:
  • Halogen family
• Group 18 elements:
  • Noble gases¹⁷

Unit 12: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

• General introduction:
  • Tetravalency of carbon
  • Shapes of organic compounds¹⁸
  • Functional groups
• Nomenclature of organic compounds:
• Isomerism:
  • Structural isomerism¹⁹
  • Stereoisomerism²⁰
• Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism:
  • Fission of covalent bond
  • Types of reagents
  • Reaction intermediates

Unit 13: Hydrocarbons

• Alkanes:
  • Nomenclature, isomerism, physical and chemical properties
• Alkenes:
  • Nomenclature, isomerism, physical and chemical properties
• Alkynes:
  • Nomenclature, isomerism, physical and chemical properties
• Aromatic hydrocarbons:
  • Benzene
  • Aromatic character

Unit 14: Environmental Chemistry

• Environmental pollution:
  • Air pollution
  • Water pollution
  • Soil pollution
• Green chemistry:

Biology 11th

Here are the major concepts covered in the NCERT Biology textbook for Class 11:

Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World

• The Living World:
  • What is living?
  • Biodiversity
  • Taxonomic categories
  • Taxonomic aids
• Biological Classification:
  • Five kingdom classification
  • Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
• Plant Kingdom:
  • Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
• Animal Kingdom:
  • Phylum Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata

Unit 2: Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

• Morphology of Flowering Plants:
  • Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed
• Anatomy of Flowering Plants:
  • Tissue systems (epidermal, ground, vascular)
  • Anatomy of root, stem, leaf
• Structural Organization in Animals:
  • Animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous)
  • Organ and organ systems

Unit 3: Cell: Structure and Function

• Cell: The Unit of Life:
  • Cell theory
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • Cell organelles (cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton)
• Biomolecules:
  • Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
• Cell Cycle and Cell Division:
  • Cell cycle (interphase, mitotic phase)
  • Mitosis and meiosis

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

• Transport in Plants:
  • Water and mineral absorption
  • Transport of water and minerals
  • Transpiration
• Mineral Nutrition:
  • Essential mineral elements
  • Nitrogen metabolism
• Photosynthesis in Higher Plants:
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Light and dark reactions
  • Factors affecting photosynthesis
• Respiration in Plants:
  • Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system
• Plant Growth and Development:
  • Plant growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene)

Unit 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and Exchange of Gases:
  • Respiratory system
  • Mechanism of breathing
  • Gaseous exchange
• Body Fluids and Circulation:
  • Blood composition and functions
  • Blood groups
  • Coagulation of blood
  • Lymphatic system
  • Human circulatory system
• Excretory Products and Their Elimination:
  • Human excretory system
  • Urine formation
• Locomotion and Movement:
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system

By understanding these core concepts, you'll have a solid foundation for your biology studies and future endeavors.